In the VM, on Redhat-likes, make sure that the Qemu guest agent is installed:

dnf install qemu-guest-agent

On Debian-likes, execute:

apt install qemu-guest-agent

For Microsoft Windows guests, there are some tutorials on the web, see for example [1].

On the HV, execute:

virsh qemu-agent-command --domain myvm \
    '{"execute":"guest-network-get-interfaces"}' | \
    jq -r '
        [.return[] | select(.name!="lo") | ."ip-addresses"] | flatten |
        .[] | select(."ip-address-type"=="ipv4")."ip-address"
    '

The output should be one IPv4 address per line.

If you are interested in IPv4 and IPv6 addresses instead, just skip the „select“ filter:

virsh qemu-agent-command --domain myvm \
    '{"execute":"guest-network-get-interfaces"}' | \
    jq -r '
        [.return[] | select(.name!="lo") | ."ip-addresses"] | flatten |
        .[]."ip-address" '